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ClassicalHebrew newsletter Issue #24 May 2009 eTeacher Group
     
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Dear friends,

In light of the world-wide epidemic of Swine Flu and the medical treatment of it, this week's newsletter will be dedicated to the treatment of disease and medical practices in biblical times.



Naturally, the ultimate healer in the Bible is God. He is often called upon to heal illnesses of the body as well as of the soul. A good example of such a call to God is when the prophet Jeremiah, harassed by the people and living in misery, prays to God: רְפָאֵנִי ה' וְאֵרָפֵא הוֹשִׁיעֵנִי וְאִוָּשֵׁעָה כִּי תְהִלָּתִי אָָתָּה
"Heal me, God, and I shall be healed; Save me, and I shall be saved; for you are my praise" (Jeremiah 17:14)
We also hear of one man, Asa king of Judah, who is criticized for turning to the doctors instead of trusting God (2 Chronicles 16:12). However, when medical advice is used properly and while trusting God, it is recommended, and from some cases where medical methods were used we can learn a little bit about the medical practices of the time.




Isaiah Heals King Hezekiah

During the rule of Hezekiah, Jerusalem was threatened by the Assyrians, and besieged by King Sennacherib. Miraculously, Sennacherib and his troops retreated and Jerusalem was saved. After this, Hezekiah became ill, and the prophet Isaiah announces to him that he will die of the illness. Hezekiah then prays to God, asking him to remember his righteousness and crying. God then tells Isaiah to return to Hezekiah and tell him that God has agreed to heal him, and give him an additional fifteen years to live. Only after this divine pardon, does Isaiah then also command that a medical remedy be given - placing a cake of dry figs on Hezekiah's boil. We see here that a medical remedy is helpful, but only when God has already promised to heal Hezekiah.



Ancient quarantine?

In Leviticus 13-15, all the laws of the many different kinds of biblical leprosy are given. Biblical leprosy is a completely different disease than modern leprosy, and is diagnosed not by a doctor but by a priest. The most common way of dealing with leprosy is confinement for seven days and additional confinement if it is not healed after a week. When Miriam, the sister of Moses and Aaron, is inflicted with leprosy as a punishment for speaking ill of Moses and his wife, we hear that she is not only confined but also quarantined, outside the Israelite camp, for seven days.
One must wonder about this punishment for leprosy. It certainly sounds possible that part of the treatment is a form of quarantine, in order to prevent the disease from spreading.




Compensation for Medical Expenses

In Exodus 21, many important social laws are given. Among them, there is a law concerning the damages caused in a fistfight between two people. If one of the people is injured, but not killed, as long as he recovers enough to walk with a staff, the offender is not liable, but only obligated to pay for the loss of time, and for his full recovery.




Have a great week!
The Biblical Hebrew Online Team.
Weekly Biblical Words
מַחֲלָה

Transcription: Maxala
Literal Meaning: sickness, disease

Maxala is also the word used for sickness in Modern Hebrew. In one instance, the plagues of Egypt are referred to as a Maxala. After the parting of the Reed Sea, God promised the people that if they listen to him and keep his laws, he will not bring any of the Maxalas of Egypt on them, for I am God your healer䓔 (Exodus 15:26).
מַגֵּפָה

Transcription: Magefa
Literal Meaning: Plague

Many times during the Israelites wondering in the desert, they are inflicted with a plague as punishment for their different complaints and transgressions. These plagues are resolved by cultic acts such as smelling incense or praying to God.
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